@font-face{font-family:Outfit;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url('outfit-400.ttf') format('truetype')}
@font-face{font-family:Outfit;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url('outfit-500.ttf') format('truetype')}
@font-face{font-family:Outfit;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url('outfit-600.ttf') format('truetype')}
@font-face{font-family:Outfit;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url('outfit-700.ttf') format('truetype')}
@font-face{font-family:Outfit;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;font-display:swap;src:url('outfit-800.ttf') format('truetype')}
:root{--bg:#050505;--panel:#111114;--line:#ffffff19;--muted:#b2b1bd;--primary:#5b3fd9;--cyan:#00dfd8;--pink:#ff0080;color-scheme:dark}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:110px}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:#fff;font:16px/1.65 Outfit,system-ui,sans-serif}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,select,summary{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--cyan);outline-offset:5px}[hidden]{display:none!important}.wrap{width:min(1200px,calc(100% - 64px));margin:auto}.header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10;background:#050505ed;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);backdrop-filter:blur(16px)}.nav{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:88px}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px}.brand img{object-fit:contain;max-width:140px;height:42px}.brand span{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.2em;border-left:1px solid #555;padding-left:18px;color:var(--muted)}nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px}nav a{font-size:14px;color:#d1d0d8}nav a:hover{color:var(--cyan)}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:50px;background:#fff;color:#080808!important;border-radius:999px;padding:12px 26px;font-weight:600;transition:transform .2s}.button:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);background:var(--cyan)}.button.small{min-height:44px;padding:9px 22px}.menu-toggle{display:none}.skip{position:fixed;left:16px;top:-90px;z-index:100;background:#fff;color:#000;padding:12px}.skip:focus{top:8px}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr;gap:80px;align-items:center;padding-block:86px 96px}.eyebrow{font-size:12px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--cyan)}.status-dot{display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;background:var(--cyan);border-radius:50%;margin-right:9px}h1,h2,h3{font-weight:500;line-height:1.13;letter-spacing:-.035em}h1{font-size:clamp(42px,5.1vw,70px);margin:24px 0}h2{font-size:36px;margin:0 0 20px}h3{font-size:24px}.gradient{background:linear-gradient(110deg,#aa96ff 0%,#b19dff 25%,#00dfd8 90%);color:transparent;background-clip:text}.lede{font-size:19px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);max-width:640px}.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px}.quiet{font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid #555}.hero-note{position:relative;padding:30px 34px 36px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 25%,#5b3fd945,transparent 65%),#111015;border:1px solid #ffffff25;border-radius:24px;overflow:hidden}.hero-note .eyebrow{font-size:10px;color:#c2b4ff}.hero-note h2{font-size:33px}.hero-note p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}.orbit{position:relative;height:200px;display:grid;place-items:center}.orbit:before,.orbit:after{content:'';position:absolute;width:195px;height:125px;border:1px solid #aa8aff88;border-radius:50%;transform:rotate(-32deg)}.orbit:after{transform:rotate(40deg);border-color:#00dfd877}.orbit span{font-size:100px;line-height:1;color:#d4c9ff;font-weight:400;text-shadow:0 0 40px #8d5aff55}.read{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500}.read b{font-weight:400}.topics{padding-bottom:64px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:20px;margin-bottom:28px}.section-heading h2{margin:0}.section-heading>span,.section-heading>a{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}.topic-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-left:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px;overflow:hidden}.topic-grid>a{position:relative;padding:28px;border-right:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#0c0c0e;transition:background .2s}.topic-grid>a:hover{background:#191424}.topic-num{color:#827a98;font-size:12px}.topic-grid h3{margin:20px 0 10px;font-size:22px}.topic-grid p{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;max-width:270px;margin-bottom:0}.topic-arrow{position:absolute;right:28px;top:25px;color:var(--cyan)}.section{padding-block:30px 74px}.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px}.card{height:100%;background:#0c0c0e;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:18px;overflow:hidden;transition:border-color .2s,transform .2s}.card:hover{border-color:#8670db;transform:translateY(-3px)}.card-link{display:block;height:100%}.art{height:200px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 65% 90%,#7354bc99,transparent 60%),#191222;display:grid;place-items:center}.art:after{content:'';width:190px;height:190px;border:1px solid #ffffff25;position:absolute;border-radius:50%;right:-30px;top:20px;box-shadow:0 0 0 26px #ffffff04,0 0 0 52px #ffffff03}.art-1{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#13252a,#174448)}.art-2{background:linear-gradient(130deg,#181c34,#3c366c)}.art-3{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2c1424,#5a2341)}.art-4{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#211933,#412b60)}.art-5{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#172827,#244839)}.art-symbol{font-size:80px;color:#ffffffbb;line-height:1;font-weight:400}.art-label{position:absolute;left:22px;top:18px;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.13em;color:#ffffff88}.art-number{position:absolute;right:22px;bottom:16px;font-size:12px;color:#ffffff99}.card-copy{padding:24px}.card-copy .eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.07em}.card-copy .eyebrow span{color:var(--muted);text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0}.card-copy h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.25;margin:16px 0}.card-copy p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65}.card-copy .read{margin-top:24px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.cta{padding:60px;margin:15px 0 80px;border-radius:24px;border:1px solid #8e68f955;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 70%,#5b3fd947,transparent 60%),#100d19}.cta h2{font-size:clamp(36px,4vw,54px)}.cta>p:not(.eyebrow){color:var(--muted)}.cta .button{margin-top:16px}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:48px}.footer-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px}.wordmark{font-size:38px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.07em}.wordmark span{color:var(--cyan)}.footer p{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}.footer-nav{display:flex;gap:28px;align-items:center;padding-top:18px;font-size:14px}.legal{display:flex;gap:12px 24px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:30px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.copyright{padding:24px 0;font-size:12px;color:#999}.copyright span{float:right}.page-head{padding-block:65px 20px;max-width:1200px}.page-head h1{max-width:920px}.search-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 230px;gap:8px 18px;margin-bottom:32px}.search-controls label{font-size:14px}.search-controls label[for=category]{grid-row:1;grid-column:2}.search-controls input,.search-controls select{background:#141317;border:1px solid #ffffff30;color:#fff;min-height:52px;border-radius:10px;padding:12px 16px;width:100%}.search-controls p{grid-column:1/-1;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin:8px 0}.article-head{padding-block:46px 40px}.breadcrumbs{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin-bottom:44px}.article-head h1{max-width:990px;font-size:clamp(38px,4.5vw,62px)}.article-head .lede{max-width:860px}.byline{display:flex;gap:24px;align-items:center;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);padding-top:16px}.byline a{color:#eee}.text-button{background:none;border:0;color:var(--muted);padding:6px 0;cursor:pointer}.reading-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:240px minmax(0,760px);gap:64px;align-items:start;padding-top:35px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);justify-content:center}.toc{position:sticky;top:120px}.toc summary{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer}.toc nav{display:block;max-height:65vh;overflow:auto;margin-top:15px}.toc a{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);padding:7px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff08}.prose{font-size:18px;color:#cccbd2;line-height:1.85;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.prose>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.prose h2{font-size:30px;color:#fff;margin:44px 0 18px}.prose h3{font-size:24px;color:#eee;margin:30px 0 12px}.prose h4{font-size:20px;color:#eee}.prose a{color:#8aebe4;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.prose ul{padding-left:24px}.prose li{padding-left:6px;margin-bottom:9px}.article-end{padding:26px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:40px;font-size:15px}.standalone{width:min(780px,calc(100% - 48px));margin:30px auto 90px}.notice{padding:20px;border:1px solid #e7c18466;background:#251c12;border-radius:10px;color:#f1d7ac;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:28px}
@media(max-width:1000px){.hero{gap:35px}.cards{gap:18px}.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:190px 1fr;gap:35px}.brand span{display:none}.footer-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:330px}.card-copy{padding:20px}.card-copy h3{font-size:22px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.nav{min-height:74px}.menu-toggle{display:flex;gap:14px;background:none;color:#fff;border:1px solid #ffffff40;border-radius:8px;padding:8px 13px;font-size:14px}.nav nav{display:none;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:74px;background:#111015;padding:24px;align-items:stretch;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.nav nav.open{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:20px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-block:45px 50px;gap:40px}.hero h1{font-size:48px}.hero-note{padding:26px}.orbit{height:150px}.hero-note h2{font-size:30px}.hero-actions{gap:18px}.topic-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.topic-grid>a{padding:22px}.topic-arrow{right:20px}.topic-grid h3{font-size:20px}.cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.section-heading h2{font-size:29px}.section-heading{align-items:start}.section-heading>span{display:none}.cta{padding:34px 26px;margin-bottom:50px}.footer-top{display:block}.footer-nav{padding:15px 0;max-width:none;gap:18px 25px}.copyright span{display:block;float:none;margin-top:10px}.reading-layout{display:block}.toc{position:static;margin-bottom:35px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:20px}.toc nav{max-height:220px}.article-head{padding-top:28px}.breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:25px}.byline{gap:10px 22px;flex-wrap:wrap}.prose{font-size:17px}.prose h2{font-size:27px}.page-head{padding-top:40px}.search-controls{grid-template-columns:1fr}.search-controls label[for=category]{grid-column:auto;grid-row:auto;margin-top:10px}.search-controls input{grid-row:2}.search-controls select{grid-row:4}}
@media(max-width:480px){.cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.topic-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.topic-grid h3{margin-top:10px}.topic-grid p{max-width:none}.hero h1{font-size:43px}.lede{font-size:17px}.section-heading{flex-wrap:wrap}.art{height:210px}.card-copy h3{font-size:25px}.article-head h1{font-size:38px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
@media print{body{background:#fff;color:#000}.header,.footer,.toc,.section,.cta,.text-button,.skip{display:none!important}.wrap,.standalone{width:100%;max-width:none}.reading-layout{display:block;border:0}.prose,.lede,.byline{color:#222}.prose h2,.prose h3,.prose h4{color:#000}.prose a{color:#000}.article-head h1{font-size:32px}a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}}

.worked-example{margin:36px 0;padding:24px;background:#121019;border:1px solid #6e58a866;border-radius:16px}.worked-example h2{margin-top:0}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;margin:22px 0}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55}th,td{text-align:left;vertical-align:top;padding:14px;border:1px solid #ffffff24}th{background:#221b34;color:#fff;font-weight:600}td{min-width:135px}.content-note{font-size:14px;color:#b9b2c7}.editorial-figure{margin:32px 0}.editorial-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:14px}.editorial-figure figcaption{font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:#b9b2c7;margin-top:12px}@media(max-width:480px){.worked-example{padding:18px}}@media print{th,td{border-color:#aaa}th{background:#eee;color:#000}.worked-example{background:#fff;border-color:#aaa}.content-note{color:#333}}

.article-opening strong{color:#fff}.deeper-context{margin:38px 0}.deeper-context h2{margin-top:0}.prose pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:#15131c;padding:20px;border-radius:12px;font:15px/1.7 ui-monospace,monospace}.prose .download-link{display:inline-block;margin:12px 0}

/* Zero-CLS Responsive Ad Containers for Google AdSense */
.ad-slot-container{margin:36px 0;min-height:260px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.02);border:1px dashed rgba(255,255,255,.12);border-radius:12px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;padding:12px}
.ad-slot-label{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted,#888);margin-bottom:8px}

/* Split Editorial Hero (Side-by-Side) */
.article-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:48px;align-items:center;padding-block:40px 32px}
.article-hero .article-head{padding-block:0;width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0}
.article-hero .breadcrumbs{margin-bottom:20px}
.article-hero h1{font-size:clamp(30px,3.6vw,48px);line-height:1.14;margin:14px 0 16px;max-width:none}
.article-hero .lede{font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:0;max-width:none}
.article-hero .byline{padding-top:18px}
.article-hero .featured-image{margin:0!important;width:100%!important}
.article-hero .featured-image img{width:100%!important;height:380px!important;max-height:420px;object-fit:cover!important;border-radius:16px!important;display:block!important;box-shadow:0 20px 40px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.45);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08)}
.article-hero .featured-image figcaption{font-size:.75rem;margin-top:.5rem;opacity:.65;text-align:right}

@media(max-width:960px){
    .article-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;padding-block:28px 20px}
    .article-hero .featured-image img{height:auto!important;max-height:360px!important}
}
.byline time{color:inherit;white-space:nowrap}
.byline .sep{display:none}